NLP Preprocessing in Python: From Raw Text to a TF-IDF Vector

Every NLP task starts with the same unglamorous work: cutting text into tokens, cleaning them up, and converting them into numbers. This guide walks through tokenization, normalization, stemming vs lemmatization, and bag-of-words/TF-IDF vectorization with NLTK and scikit-learn.

July 3, 2026 in Python, Machine Learning by Mehdi Lotfinejad13 minutes